How to Read Your Blood Pressure Readings?

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Oct 25, 2024
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Understanding blood pressure readings forms the basis of good heart health. Blood pressure is one of the critical determinants of heart health, and learning to understand what the numbers mean can empower you to take charge of your health.

This blog will explain the basics behind blood pressure readings, average levels in men and women, home measurements, and causes of high or low blood pressure.

What Do the Numbers in a Blood Pressure Reading Mean?

A blood pressure reading consists of two numbers, expressed as Systolic Pressure (X) over Diastolic Pressure (Y) (e.g., 120/80 mm Hg). Each number represents a different type of pressure in your arteries:

  • Systolic Pressure (X): This is the top number, representing the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats and pumps blood.

  • Diastolic Pressure (Y): This is the bottom number, showing the pressure in your arteries when the heart is at rest between beats.

Both numbers are essential. If either one is too high or too low, it can signal potential health issues. Knowing how to read blood pressure correctly is essential to understanding what your body is telling you.

Standard and High Blood Pressure Levels

Blood pressure levels are categorized into four general stages. Knowing which stage your reading falls into can help determine whether your blood pressure is healthy or needs medical attention.

  Blood Pressure Category  Systolic (mm Hg)   Diastolic (mm Hg)
  Normal  Less than 120   Less than 80
  Elevated  120-129   Less than 80
  High Blood Pressure (Stage 1)  130-139   80-89
  High Blood Pressure (Stage 2)  140 or higher   90 or higher
  Hypertensive Crisis  Higher than 180   Higher than 120

Keeping track of these ranges helps you know if your blood pressure is within normal limits or at risk of high blood pressure. Both men and women should regularly monitor their blood pressure to prevent long-term health complications.

Blood Pressure Range by Age for Men and Women

Blood pressure can change as you age, and it can also vary based on your gender. Below is a table that breaks down the bp normal range for males and the bp normal range for females based on different age groups.

  Age Group  BP Normal Range for Male (mm Hg)   BP Normal Range for Female (mm Hg)
  20-30 years  120/79   115/72
  30-40 years  122/81   117/75
  40-50 years  125/83   122/78
  50-60 years  128/85   129/82
  60+ years  135/88   135/84

It's evident that as you age, your blood pressure may gradually increase. Therefore, it becomes even more critical to monitor your levels regularly.

To know more about blood pressure range by age, read our blog - Understanding Blood Pressure Chart Readings by Age

How to Measure Blood Pressure Accurately at Home?

Monitoring your blood pressure at home can provide a more accurate representation of your average readings than a single measurement at the doctor’s office.

Here are some tips on how to measure blood pressure accurately at home:

  1. Use a Reliable Device: Choose a good-quality automatic blood pressure monitor. Make sure the cuff fits your arm correctly.
  2. Rest Before Measurement: Sit down and relax for 5 minutes before measuring. Avoid caffeine or smoking 30 minutes before the test.
  3. Proper Positioning: Sit in a chair with your feet flat on the floor and back supported. Keep your arm at heart level on a flat surface.
  4. Take Multiple Readings: Take at least two readings, one hour apart, and record both to get an accurate average.
  5. Same Time, Every Day: To track any fluctuations, measure your blood pressure at the same time each day, ideally in the morning and evening.

These techniques will help ensure your readings are accurate, allowing you to better understand your blood pressure range and how it changes over time.

What Causes High or Low Blood Pressure?

Several factors can cause high or low blood pressure. Understanding these can help you better manage your heart health.

Causes of High Blood Pressure (Hypertension):
  1. Genetics: A family history of hypertension can increase your risk.
  2. Diet: Eating high in sodium or processed foods can lead to elevated blood pressure.
  3. Lifestyle: Lack of exercise, excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking are key contributors.
  4. Stress: Chronic stress causes the body to release hormones that can raise blood pressure.
  5. Medical Conditions: Conditions such as kidney disease, diabetes, and sleep apnea are known to raise blood pressure.
Causes of Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension):
  1. Dehydration: Lack of adequate fluid intake can cause a drop in blood pressure.
  2. Heart Problems: Some heart conditions can lead to low blood pressure, including bradycardia and heart failure.
  3. Endocrine Issues: Conditions such as Addison’s disease can disrupt hormone production, leading to low blood pressure.
  4. Blood Loss: A sudden drop in blood volume due to injury or internal bleeding can cause hypotension.
  5. Medications: Some drugs used to treat hypertension or depression can lower blood pressure too much.

Whether you have high or low blood pressure, it’s essential to understand the underlying causes so you can seek appropriate treatment.

Read our blog to know how to check heart health!

When to Seek Medical Advice?

If your blood pressure consistently falls outside the normal range or if you experience symptoms like severe headaches, chest pain, shortness of breath, or dizziness, it's crucial to consult a healthcare provider.

Below are key indicators of when you should seek medical advice:

  • Hypertensive Crisis: If your blood pressure reading exceeds 180/120 mm Hg, you may be at risk for a stroke or heart attack, and emergency care is necessary.
  • Low Blood Pressure Symptoms: Dizziness, fainting, or shock symptoms could indicate a serious underlying condition that needs medical attention.
  • Persistent Elevated Readings: If your systolic pressure has been above 140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure has been over 90 mm Hg for several days, consult your doctor for a comprehensive check-up.

Timely intervention is critical in preventing the long-term health effects of unmanaged blood pressure.

Conclusion

Understanding your blood pressure reading is key to overall health. Knowing what your numbers mean, normal ranges, and how to take a proper reading will take you one step forward in maintaining your heart's health. Recognizing your patterns of high or low blood pressure and knowing when to seek medical help will keep you ahead of any risks.

For better health care, you may also try comprehensive health insurance plans by SBI General Insurance for added benefits related to medical purposes. Make blood pressure monitoring a regular activity in your health calendar, and get the right insurance that keeps you healthy for years.

Disclaimer: The above information is indicative in nature. For more details on the risk factor, terms and conditions, please refer to the Sales Brochure and Policy Wordings carefully before concluding a sale.

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6 Healthy Habits for Families

  1. Eating a healthy diet, together as a family

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  2. Make meal prep a fun activity

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  3. Have no-phone zones

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  4. Be more active as a family

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  5. Practice hand hygiene

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  6. Do not skip medical tests

    The importance of keeping track of your health cannot be emphasised enough. By undergoing regular medical check-ups you can help your family make informed health care decisions. It can help you catch health problems in the early stages and make lifestyle changes accordingly. Do include dental and eye checkup for yourself and your children in the annual medical checkup. To reap family health benefits, it’s important to take the right precautions, at the right time and make the right changes to avoid the most common health illnesses

Why is family insurance a must?

Illnesses don’t come knocking on the door. So, it only makes sense to have a backup plan in case you or your family member falls sick or needs hospitalisation in case of an accident or a health condition. With medical expenses skyrocketing, a health insurance policy is the best protection cover for a family. A comprehensive health insurance plan will give you that peace of mind regarding your family’s health and your financial well-being.

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Vitamin A is a vital nutrient that plays a key role in maintaining overall health, supporting vision, immune function, skin health, and more. As a fat-soluble vitamin, vitamin A exists in two main forms: retinoids (found in animal products) and carotenoids (found in plant-based foods). Retinoids are readily usable by the body, while carotenoids must be converted into the active form of vitamin A.

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What is Vitamin A?

Vitamin A is essential for several physiological processes. It is found in animal-based foods such as retinol and in plant-based foods as beta-carotene, which the body converts to vitamin A. Recommended daily intake levels differ based on age and gender. Adult men require approximately 900 micrograms (mcg) of vitamin A daily, while adult women need about 700 mcg. Pregnant and breastfeeding women generally require higher amounts to support foetal and infant development.

Role of Vitamin A in Health

Vitamin A is associated with various health benefits, from antioxidant protection to immunity. Below are some of its primary roles:

1. Antioxidant Protection: As an antioxidant, vitamin A helps prevent cellular damage from free radicals, which can lead to chronic diseases and ageing.

2. Immunity: Vitamin A is crucial for maintaining immune function, and enhancing the body’s response to infections.

3. Eye Health: Known for promoting good vision, vitamin A helps prevent night blindness and age-related vision problems.

4. Skin Health: Vitamin A supports skin health by promoting cell growth, reducing wrinkles, and addressing acne concerns.

5. Organ Functioning: It aids in the proper functioning of the heart, lungs, and kidneys.

6. Reproductive Health: Vitamin A plays a role in reproductive health and foetal development, making it essential for pregnant women.

7. Foetal Development: It is critical for foetal tissue and organ development during pregnancy.

8. Teeth and Gums: It contributes to healthy teeth and gums, supporting oral health.

Also Read: 6 Key Pregnancy Care Tips You Should Know

Animal Foods High in Vitamin A

Animal-based foods are an excellent source of preformed vitamin A, which is easily absorbed by the body. Here is a vitamin A foods chart showcasing some common animal-based vitamin A sources.

Name Particulars
Liver (beef, lamb, chicken) Extremely rich in vitamin A; 100 grams provide more than 6 times the daily requirement
Cod Liver Oil A tablespoon provides up to 4,500 mcg of vitamin A
Dairy Products (Milk, Cheese, Butter) Source of vitamin A in moderate amounts, especially whole milk products
Eggs Egg yolks contain around 140 mcg per 100 gms
Fish Fatty fish is a good source of vitamin A, particularly retinol.
Shellfish Provides moderate amounts of vitamin A, along with other essential nutrients.

Vegetables High in Vitamin A

Vegetables, particularly those that are orange, yellow, or dark green, are rich in carotenoids, which the body can convert to vitamin A. Here is a chart listing vegetables that are vitamin A high foods.

Name Particulars
Sweet Potato Contains around 1400 mcg per medium potato, providing well over the daily recommended intake
Carrot A single large carrot offers about 1,000 mcg of vitamin A.
Spinach Once cup cooked provides approx. 943 mcg
Kale A cup cooked provides approximately 943 mcg
Red Bell Pepper Provides about 140 mcg per 100 grams
Butternut Squash Offers around 1,000 mcg per cup
Collard Greens Contains 770 mcg per cooked cup
Swiss Chard A good source, with 300 mcg per cup.

Also Read: Sources of Vitamin D for Vegetarians

Fruits High in Vitamin A

Certain fruits, especially those with orange or yellow pigmentation, are rich in beta-carotene and contribute to daily vitamin A intake.

Name Particulars
Mango Contains about 54 mcg of vitamin A per 100 gms.
Cantaloupe A cup of diced cantaloupe provides 270 mcg.
Papaya Offers around 47 mcg per 100 gms.
Apricots Dried apricots are rich in vitamin A, with 96 mcg per fruit.
Guava Contains about 31 mcg per 100 gms.
Watermelon A cup of watermelon offers around 43 mcg.

Signs of Vitamin A Deficiency and Toxicity

Vitamin A deficiency is relatively common and can lead to symptoms like night blindness, dry skin, poor immune response, and growth delays in children. Severe vitamin A deficiency can cause complete blindness and increase the risk of infections. Here are a few signs and symptoms of vitamin A deficiency:-

1) Irregular white deposits in eyes

2) Delayed Growth (in children)

3) Infertility

4) Infections

5) Night Blindness

6) Lack of quick healing of wounds

If these signs are observed it is recommended to take the required tests and get medications from a doctor.

On the other hand, excess vitamin A, primarily from supplements, can lead to toxicity. Symptoms include dizziness, nausea, and even liver damage in severe cases. It’s essential to balance vitamin A intake and avoid excessive supplementation.

Conclusion

Vitamin A is essential for overall health, supporting skin, vision, immune function, and reproductive health. By incorporating a variety of vitamin A sources—such as liver, dairy, carrots, and leafy greens—one can easily meet daily requirements and enjoy a balanced diet. To safeguard long-term health, consider monitoring your diet and explore a health insurance policy that promotes regular health check-ups and preventive care.

Frequently Asked Questions

1) How can I increase my vitamin A?

To boost vitamin A intake, incorporate foods rich in both retinoids (from animal products) and carotenoids (from plants) into your diet. Add liver, dairy, carrots, and leafy greens to your meals regularly.

2) How do you increase vitamin A absorption?

Since vitamin A is fat-soluble, pairing it with healthy fats (such as olive oil or avocado) can enhance absorption. This helps the body more effectively utilise the nutrient.

3) What are the symptoms of low vitamin A?

Signs of vitamin A deficiency include night blindness, dry skin, increased risk of infections, and, in severe cases, complete blindness. Other symptoms may include delayed growth in children and poor wound healing.

Disclaimer: The above information is indicative in nature. For more details on the risk factor, terms and conditions, please refer to the Sales Brochure and Policy Wordings carefully before concluding a sale.